As temperatures drop and ski and snowboard season ramps up, it’s the perfect time to talk about safety on the slopes—especially when it comes to concussions.

According to Caroline Guglielmo, PT, DPT, a physical therapist at University Orthopedics’ Sports Concussion Rehabilitation Center, concussions are a real risk during winter sports, but there are simple steps you can take to reduce your chances of injury and know what to do if one occurs.

Start With the Right Equipment

One of the most important ways to protect yourself from a concussion is wearing the proper equipment—especially a helmet.

A helmet should:

• Fit snugly on your head (not too tight, but secure)

• Be certified for skiing or snowboarding

• Be in good condition

That helmet sitting in the back of your closet that’s been used for multiple seasons, tossed in the car, or visibly banged up may no longer offer adequate protection. When it comes to head injuries, newer and well-maintained equipment matters.

Pay Attention to Slope Conditions

The condition of the slopes plays a big role in injury risk. Icy conditions increase the likelihood of falls, which can lead to concussions—not just sprains or fractures. Be mindful of the terrain and adjust your speed and activity level accordingly.

Know the Signs and Symptoms of a Concussion

Even with precautions, injuries can still happen. It’s critical to recognize the signs of a possible concussion, which may include:

• Headache

• Dizziness

• Nausea

• Sensitivity to light or noise

• Balance problems

If you or someone you’re skiing or snowboarding with experiences these symptoms after a fall or head impact, take it seriously.

Stop Activity Immediately

If there’s any possibility of a head injury:

• Stop skiing or snowboarding right away

• Do not continue down the mountain or finish the run

• Notify ski patrol and allow them to help you safely off the slopes

Continuing activity after a head injury significantly increases the risk of a second, more serious injury.

It’s also important to stop all physical activity, not just skiing or snowboarding, until you’ve been evaluated by a medical professional who can rule out or confirm a concussion.

Enjoy the Season—Safely

Winter sports are meant to be fun, and with the right precautions, they can be safe too. Wear a properly fitted helmet, pay attention to conditions, and make sure you know the warning signs of a concussion.

Staying informed can help ensure you enjoy the ski season—and stay healthy long after the snow melts.